Spacex breaks launch pad turnaround record with midnight mission

Watch a replay of our live coverage of the warm-up and launch of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on the Starlink 5-4 mission at 12:10 a.m. EST (0510 GMT) on Feb. 12 from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida. Follow us on Twitter.

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A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket hauled 55 increasingly Starlink internet satellites into orbit just without midnight Sunday from Cape Canaveral, breaking a record for the shortest time between missions — five days — from the same SpaceX launch pad.

The mission was SpaceX’s 10th launch of the year, a pace of one launch every four days since Jan. 1. SpaceX is aiming to launch up to 100 Falcon rocket missions this year from launch pads in Florida and California, while teams in Texas ready for the first orbital test flight of the company’s giant new Starship launch vehicle.

SpaceX fired up the Starship rocket’s Super Heavy booster for a major ground test Thursday at the Starbase facility in South Texas. The booster ignited 31 of its 33 Raptor engines for a hold-down test-firing, as SpaceX hopes to ready the nearly 40-story-tall rocket for its inaugural launch later this spring.

For Sunday’s overnight mission from Florida, SpaceX employed its workhorse Falcon 9 rocket for flipside flight to deploy satellites for the Starlink internet network. With the 55 new satellites that traveled to space on Sunday’s mission, SpaceX has now launched 3,930 Starlink spacecraft since the first prototypes in 2018. That number includes test satellites no longer in service, and satellites that have once re-enter the atmosphere.

Liftoff of the 229-foot-tall (70-meter) Falcon 9 rocket from pad 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station occurred at 12:10:10 a.m. EST (0510:10 GMT) Sunday, defying a poor weather forecast to get off the ground surpassing rain showers and brisk winds moved through the spaceport with the passage of a frontal boundary.

The 55 Starlink internet satellites mounted on top of the Falcon 9 rocket headed into an orbital plane that is part of SpaceX’s second-generation Starlink network, tabbed Gen2. Sunday’s mission, known as Starlink 5-4, followed the first three Starlink launches into the Gen2 network in December and January.

The launch occurred five days, three hours, and 38 minutes without SpaceX’s previous mission from pad 40 at Cape Canaveral, which carried a Spanish-owned communications satellite into orbit. That set a record for the shortest turnaround time between SpaceX launches from the same pad as the visitor continues to ramp up its blistering launch cadence.

SpaceX plans to sooner launch second-generation Starlink satellites on the new Starship mega-rocket. Those satellites will be larger and increasingly capable than SpaceX’s current squadron of Starlink spacecraft, and will be capable of transmitting signals directly to lamina phones. But with the Starship rocket still undergoing preparations for its first orbital test flight, SpaceX officials signaled they will start launching the Gen2 satellites on Falcon 9 rockets.

Elon Musk, SpaceX’s founder and CEO, suggested in August that the visitor could develop a miniature version of the Gen2 satellites to fit on the Falcon 9 rocket.

The satellites on the first three Gen2 launches appeared similar, or identical, to Starlink spacecraft SpaceX is once launching to well-constructed its first-generation network, and not the larger Gen2 satellites destined to fly on the huge new Starship rocket, or plane the mini Gen2 satellites Musk mentioned last year.

SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket zooms by the moon seconds without liftoff from Cape Canaveral, heading to orbit with 55 increasingly Starlink internet satellites. Credit: Stephen Clark / Spaceflight Now

The Federal Communications Commission granted SpaceX clearance Dec. 1 to launch up to 7,500 of its planned 29,988-spacecraft Starlink Gen2 constellation. The regulatory organ deferred a visualization on the remaining satellites SpaceX proposed for Gen2. With the launch Sunday, SpaceX will have flown 213 Starlink Gen2 satellites into orbit.

“Under our new license, we are now worldly-wise to deploy satellites to new orbits that will add plane increasingly topics to the network,” SpaceX wrote on its website surpassing the first Gen2 launch Dec. 28. “Ultimately, this enables us to add increasingly customers and provide faster service – particularly in areas that are currently over-subscribed.”

The FCC previously authorized SpaceX to launch and operate up to 12,000 Starlink satellites, including roughly 4,400 first-generation Ka-band and Ku-band Starlink spacecraft that SpaceX has been launching since 2019. SpaceX moreover received regulatory clearance to launch increasingly than 7,500 Starlink satellites operating in a variegated V-band frequency.

SpaceX told the FCC last year it planned to consolidate the V-band Starlink squadron into the larger Gen2 constellation.

The Gen2 satellites could modernize Starlink coverage over lower latitude regions, and help unstrap pressure on the network from growing consumer uptake. SpaceX said in December the network has increasingly than 1 million zippy subscribers. The Starlink spacecraft whizgigging broadband internet signals to consumers virtually the world, connectivity that is now misogynist on all seven continents with testing underway at a research station in Antarctica.

Earlier this month, SpaceX spoken Starlink service is now misogynist in Brazil, Colombia, and Italy.

“Our whoopee will indulge SpaceX to uncork deployment of Gen2 Starlink, which will bring next generation satellite broadband to Americans nationwide, including those living and working in areas traditionally unserved or underserved by terrestrial systems,” the FCC wrote in its Dec. 1 order partially approving the Starlink Gen2 constellation. “Our whoopee moreover will enable worldwide satellite broadband service, helping to tropical the digital divide on a global scale.

“At the same time, this limited grant and associated conditions will protect other satellite and terrestrial operators from harmful interference and maintain a unscratched space environment, promoting competition and protecting spectrum and orbital resources for future use,” the FCC wrote. “We defer whoopee on the remainder of SpaceX’s using at this time.”

Specifically, the FCC granted SpaceX validity to launch the initial woodcut of 7,500 Starlink Gen2 satellites into orbits at 525, 530, and 535 kilometers, with inclinations of 53, 43, and 33 degrees, respectively, using Ku-band and Ka-band frequencies. The FCC deferred a visualization on SpaceX’s request to operate Starlink Gen2 satellites in higher and lower orbits.

Like the first three Starlink Gen2 launches, the Starlink 5-4 mission Sunday targeted the 530-kilometer-high (329-mile) orbit at an inclination of 43 degrees to the equator.

The Starlink 5-4 mission will launch with 55 Starlink internet satellites. Credit: Spaceflight Now

SpaceX currently has nearly 3,500 functioning Starlink satellites in space, with increasingly than 3,100 operational and roughly 300 moving into their operational orbits, according to a tabulation by Jonathan McDowell, an expert tracker of spaceflight worriedness and an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Part-way for Astrophysics.

The first-generation Starlink network tracery includes satellites flying a few hundred miles up, orbiting at inclinations of 97.6 degrees, 70 degrees, 53.2 degrees, and 53.0 degrees to the equator. Last year, most of SpaceX’s Starlink launches have released satellites into Shell 4, at an inclination of 53.2 degrees, without the visitor largely completed launches into the first 53-degree inclination shell in 2021.

Shell 5 of the Starlink network was widely believed to be one of the polar-orbiting layers of the constellation, at 97.6 degrees inclination. But the name of the first Gen2 missions — Starlink 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, and 5-4 — towards to suggest SpaceX has reverted the naming scheme for the Starlink shells.

SpaceX’s launch team was stationed inside a launch tenancy part-way just south of Cape Canaveral Space Force Station for the overnight warm-up superiority of Sunday’s flight. SpaceX began loading super-chilled, densified kerosene and liquid oxygen propellants into the Falcon 9 vehicle at T-minus 35 minutes.

Helium pressurant moreover flowed into the rocket in the last half-hour of the countdown. In the final seven minutes surpassing liftoff, the Falcon 9’s Merlin main engines were thermally conditioned for flight through a procedure known as “chilldown.” The Falcon 9’s guidance and range safety systems were moreover configured for launch.

After liftoff, the Falcon 9 rocket vectored its 1.7 million pounds of thrust — produced by nine Merlin engines — to steer southeast over the Atlantic Ocean. SpaceX has resumed launches this winter using the southeasterly corridor from Cape Canaveral, rather than trajectories to the northeast, to take wholesomeness of largest sea conditions for landing of the Falcon 9’s first stage booster.

Throughout the summer and fall, SpaceX launched Starlink missions on paths toward the northeast from Florida’s Space Coast.

The Falcon 9 rocket exceeded the speed of sound in well-nigh one minute, then shut lanugo its nine main engines two-and-a-half minutes without liftoff. The booster stage separated from the Falcon 9’s upper stage, then fired pulses from unprepossessed gas tenancy thrusters and extended titanium grid fins to help steer the vehicle when into the atmosphere.

Two braking burns slowed the rocket for landing on the drone ship “A Shortfall of Gravitas” virtually 410 miles (660 kilometers) downrange approximately eight-and-a-half minutes without liftoff. The reusable booster, designated B1062 in SpaceX’s inventory, completed its 12th trip to space Sunday.

The Falcon 9’s reusable payload fairing jettisoned during the second stage burn. A recovery ship was moreover on station in the Atlantic to retrieve the two halves of the nose cone without they splashed lanugo under parachutes.

Landing of the first stage on Sunday’s mission occurred just as the Falcon 9’s second stage engine cut off to unhook the Starlink satellites into a preliminary parking orbit. Flipside upper stage shrivel 54 minutes into the mission reshaped the orbit superiority of payload separation.

Separation of the 55 Starlink spacecraft, built by SpaceX in Redmond, Washington, from the Falcon 9 rocket was confirmed 63 minutes without liftoff.

The Falcon 9’s guidance computer aimed to deploy the satellites into an orbit at an inclination of 43 degrees to the equator, with an upland ranging between 185 miles and 210 miles (298-by-339 kilometers). Without separating from the rocket, the 55 Starlink spacecraft will unfurl solar arrays and run through streamlined vivification steps, then use ion engines to maneuver into their operational orbit.

ROCKET: Falcon 9 (B1062.12)

PAYLOAD: 55 Starlink satellites (Starlink 5-4)

LAUNCH SITE: SLC-40, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

LAUNCH DATE: Feb. 12, 2023

LAUNCH TIME: 12:10:10 a.m. EST (0510:10 GMT)

WEATHER FORECAST: 20% chance of winning weather; Moderate risk of upper level winds; Low risk of unfavorable conditions for booster recovery

BOOSTER RECOVERY: “A Shortfall of Gravitas” drone ship northeast of the Bahamas

LAUNCH AZIMUTH: Southeast

TARGET ORBIT: 185 miles by 210 miles (298 kilometers by 339 kilometers), 43.0 degrees inclination

LAUNCH TIMELINE: